Ceramic Colors, Glass Colors & Cold Decal Printing Inks – High-Temperature Stable Pigments

Our 3000 series colors were designed for use a wide
range of the firing temperature to get a stable color
tone and good chemical durability.

Also, classified into

(C)type : Cadmium bearing and
(N)type : Normal Cadmium free colors.

We recommend you to mix (C) and (C) type or (N) and (N) type by mixing ratio to meet your specific color match.

The firing range of 3000 series is recommended 780~830

* Pb and Cd detection testing:

Immerse the fired color of decorated ware in 4% acetic acid (CH3COOH) for 24 hours
by the automatic absorption spectroscopy.

* Result of chemical resistance test ( Surface area : 0.1dm2, Volume : 35ml )

Color Number :

3150 (C) Red : Pb 0.3274 ppm, Cd 0,2351 ppm
3243 (N) Yellow : Pb 0.0889 ppm, Cd 0.0098 ppm
3313 (C) Mixing White : Pb 0.1375 ppm, Cd 0.0132 ppm
3366 (N) Mixing White : Pb 0.2522 ppm, Cd 0.0157 ppm
3486 (N) Green : Pb 0.3032 ppm, Cd 0.0186 ppm
3589 (N) Cobalt Blue: Pb 0.6608 ppm. Cd 0.0217 ppm
3562 (N) Purple Blue: Pb 0.5262 ppm, Cd 0.0212 ppm
3668 (N) Brown : Pb 0.2401 ppm, Cd 0.0055 ppm
3737 (N) Black : Pb 0.1469 ppm, Cd 0.0057 ppm
Covercoat Flux : Pb 0.2016 ppm, Cd 0.0037 ppm

* Covercoat Flux

We can obtain a transparent and glossy glaze surface by screen printing with the Covercoat
Flux on the base color printed such as Cd bearing, Normal colors, Pink, Purple
and Cobalt Blue colors.
This Cover Coating Flux is a special glass flux for a minimum Pb and Cd detection
effect after firing.
For reducing detecting rate of heavy metal, It is recommended to use our Covercoat Flux
with Cobalt Blue color and Cadmium color series of Onglaze colors which
content high level of heavy metal.

Example :
The submitted samples, When tested as described, comply with the leachable lead and
cadmium requirements of the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Compliance
policy Guides 7117.06 and 7117.07

Sample :
Covercoat FluxNo. 3181 Orange color ( 5 x 10 cm ) ---------- 1 dm2
No. 3589 Cobalt Blue color ( 5 x 10 cm )--------1 dm2

Leachable Lead and Cadmium Content
Flat ware, Internal surface
14 mm Depth 175ml Volume 2.05 mg/ml Lead 0.24 mg/ml Cadmium
Limit for FDA 3.0 mg/ml Lead 0.5 mg/ml Cadmium

* Regulaton on of tableware in California limits by commodity, by chemical

Ware :
Flat ware ( Internal Depth ( 25 m/m ) : 3.0 ppm Lead, 0.50 ppm Cadmium
Small hollow ware ( Volume < 1.1 liter ) : 2.0 ppm Lead, 0.50 ppm Cadmium
Large hollow ware ( Volume  1.1 liter ) : 1.0 ppm Lead, 0.25 ppm Cadmium
New cup. Mug (Standard): 0.5 ppm Lead, 0.50 ppm Cadmium
New pitcher ( Volume  1.1 liter ) Standard : 0.5 ppm Lead, 0.25 ppm Cadmium

New FDA action levels.
CPG7117.07, CPG 7117.06, ' Action Levels of Nov. 5, 1991

* 3000 Series Color List

COLOR NO. / COLOR / C = Cadmium, N = Normal: REMARK

0360 Pink (SF01) (Gold & N) : Produce Purple color, mixed /diluted with 3589 Cobalt Blue

3149 Pink Red (N) : Widely using as Gold free Pink color

3127 Cd Red (C) : The firing temperature range is wide as 800 ~ 850 C' and usable to fast firing (850 ~ 950 C') too.Therefore, 3127 color's inner heat-resistant and gas-resistant is high.

3151 Red (C) : Using deeper Red color than No.3127 Red, for dipping color.

3155 Dark Red (C) : Same as above

3181 Orange (C)

3182 Orange (C)

3232 Light Yellow (N)

3241 Yellow (C)

3243 N - Yellow (N)

3244 Golden Yellow (C)

3245 Pumpkin Yellow (N)

3313 Mixing White (Cd Line) (C & N) : this color is using as mixing Cd color class. It is almost no change of color tone.

3366 Mixing White (N) : This color is mixable with other normal color class.

3320 - 1 Opaque White (N) : This color is using by only single color. Opalescent effecting is very high, but 3320-1 is greenish in case of folding with Cobalt Blue. In addition, this color is Yellowish on the edge folded with Black color.

3326 Opaque White (N) : This color is new product making up for the weak points in 3320-1 and has the strong points as the followings; White opacity, masking powder, Gloss is good. Using Covercoat Flux, the gloss is better. However, the opacity of 3326 is weaker than 3320-1. This color does not change to Yellow tone even high temperature. Therefore, this color does not change to Green tone in case the coating is Cobalt Blue class. It is nothing to worry about color change even with any Cd class color. Especially,this color not be contaminated by low temperature Black color.

3315 Relief White (N) : Because the coefficient of expansion is low, this color is not the phenonmenon of peeling off. in addition, the White opacity and the gloss are good. This color can control the gloss and the transparency by mixing with Relief Flux 3015

3412 Ever Green (N)

3425 Yellow Green (C) : If you want to get more bright color, we recommend diluting as mixing with 3244.

3470 Teal Green (N)

3471 Grass Green (N)

3490 Olive Green (N)

3491 Olive Green (N)

3493 Green (N)

3536 Turquoise Blue (N)

3537 Turquoise Blue (N)

3547 Blue (N) : This color is a transparent and bright color. It is easy to mix with other colors. 3547 Blue color is no changing color by Covercoat Flux.

3562 Purple Blue (GOLD & N) : Purple Blue color bearing gold.

3589 Cobalt Blue (N) : The strength of No.3589 is a strong color. In additions, this color has no change color by the Covercoat Flux and no decolorization on the high temperature. Just, This color has a weakness unable to mix with other colors. Therefore, If possible, you had better mixing within 4% otherwise, you should pre-test it.

3590 Cyan Blue (N) : Usable for 4 color

3591 Green Blue (N)

3620 Choco. Brown (N) : Carefully use Covercoat Flux with this color to avoid color change

3656 Light Brown (N)

3669 Brown (N)

3670 Red Brown (N)

3737 Black (N) : Recommend to use alone or mixing with other color

3745 Black (SF77) (N) : Strong Black color and can be used alone without mixing with other color, Specially used
for 4 color

3783 Grey (N)

Covercoat Flux (N) : Because 3000 series contains a little heavy metal, the importance of coating flux grows bigger. This Covercoat Flux minimizes the detection rate of heavy metal ( Pls. see KOTITI FDA testing report). Without changing color, This Covercoat Flux improves gloss (-Except Iron Red, Choco. Brown color). Over the strong Reddish Gold Pink and on the low temperature. this color is Brownish.

4 Color SF01, SF25, SF 58 & SF 77 (N) :Recommend 4 base colors Pink (SF01), Yellow (SF25), Cyan Blue (SF58) and Black (SF77), those are a little different color tone from other intrenational grade so need pre-testing before use it.

This is none pollution colors free from Cadmium/Lead and acceptable environmental-issue but the firing range is about 30 higher (800~860) than lead bearing onglaze color 3000 series.
Therefore, It is recommended to use lead free Covercoat Flux for reducing the firing temperature.

* Pb and Cd Free Color

6000 Series contain normal Cd free color which have wide range of the firing temperature to get stable color tone. Can be mixed with other colors. As the mixing rates, you can get your wanted color match.

* Application

6000 Series do not contain heavy metals and any health organizations do not issue the problem of heavy metals. However, comparing with 300 Series, th firing temperature is 30 higher (800~860). Therefore, 6000 Series need 6955 Covercoat Flux for improving the gloss. 6000 Series normally is used to the using method of printing it on the decal paper, then sticking it to the materials, and firing it. However,It is possible to use as dipping, spraying and hand painting method.

* Mixing Ratio Between Dry powder and Medium Oil

Normal Color 10 vs. Medium Oil 7 ~ 10
Normal color 10 vs. Covercoat Flux 9 ~ 10

* 6000 Series Color List

COLOR NO. / COLOR / C = Cadmium, N = Normal: REMARK

0660 Red Pink (GOLD) : Regarding to 6955 Covercoat Flux, the color change is small. (It is Brownish from 760C' to 780C' by covercoat flux) By mixing 6313 mixing White or 6149 Pink Red (N), bright rose comes out. By mixing 6588 Co.Blue, any violet color comes out.

6140 Iron Red (N) : It is impossible to mix with other colors.

6149 Pink Red (N) : By normal Pink-color class, the using range is wide. In addition, If applying Skin-color, the result comes out good.

6231 Light Yellow (N) : By bright normal Yellow class, the using range is wide.

6245 Pumpkin Yellow (N) : The firing stability is high. It is mixable with other normal color class.

6313 Mixing White (N) : It is mixable with other colors and minimizes the changing color.

6326 Oq. White (N) : White chroma, hiding, Gloss is good. Using 6955 covercoat flux, the gloss is better. This color does not change to Yellow tone even high temperature. Therefore, this color does not change to Green tone in case the cover coating is Cobalt Blue class. It is nothing to worry about color change even with any Cd class color. Especially, this color not be contaminated by low temperature Black color.

6315 Relief White (N) : Because the coefficient of expansion is low, this color is not the phenomenon of peeling off. In additions, the White Chroma and the gloss are good. This color can control the gloss and the transparency by mixing with Relief Flux 6015. All 6000 Series colors are usable as relief color by mixing over 50% relief- mixing fluxes. 6000 Series C.T.E : 67-73x10-7/

6471 Grass Green (N) : It is the transparent relief flux improving transparency.

6412, 6476, 6470, 6486, 6485 Green color (N) : These colors carrying a strong resistant are no change colors by the firing conditions and the coating flux.

6536, 6537 Turquoise Blue (N) : When firing them on the high temperature above 850, they change to Green color tone. However, 6955 covercoat flux makes up for the fault.

6547 Blue (N) : This color is transparent and bright color. It is easy to mix with other color.

6588 Co-Blue (N) : The strength of No.6588 is that the color is strong and bright. Just, it is not easy to mix with other colors.

6620 Choco Brown (N) : If using the oxidized steel included in pigment, the color become bright.

6669 Brown (N)

6670 Red Brown (N)

6737 Mixing Black (N) : this color is easy to mix with other colors and is a stable color.

6955, 6966 Covercoat Flux (N) : 6000 Series are 30 higher than 3000 Series. By using 6955 covercoat flux, the gloss improves and 6000 Series are getable to the effect of lowing the firing temperature. Excepting to 6140 Iron Red, 6620 Choco Brown color 6955 improves the gloss without changing color.

* Result of Chemical Resistance Test

(Surface area : 1dm2, depth 13 mm, volume : 70 ml, Flatware)
ex.number / color / Pb(ppm) / Cd(ppm)
0660 Red Pink (GOLD) Pb 0.03 ppm, Cd Les than 0.01 ppm
6140 Iron Red Pb 0.03 ppm, Cd Les than 0.01 ppm
6149 Pink Red Pb 0.05 ppm, Cd Les than 0.01 ppm
6245 Pumpkin Yellow Pb 0.08 ppm, Cd Les than 0.01 ppm
6313 Mixing White Pb 0.03 ppm, Cd Les than 0.01 ppm
6471 Grass Green Pb 0.02 ppm, Cd Les than 0.01 ppm
6537 Turquoise Blue Pb 0.04 ppm, Cd Les than 0.01 ppm
6588 Cobalt Blue Pb 0.05 ppm, Cd Les than 0.01 ppm
6670 Red Brown Pb 0.05 ppm, Cd Les than 0.01 ppm
6737 Black Pb 0.01 ppm, Cd Les than 0.01 ppm

3. 3000 Series Color Used To Dinnerware.
3000 series color of cleaning is required therefore it must check alkari resistance in cleaning
solution against mechanical durability such as friction and lower wearing. So 3000 series colors
are manufactured to than datum point of heavy metal detection.
The datum point is distinguished by detection of each nation as following

1) Part contract with food

Country-----------Metals------------------Acid-----------------Temp.--------Time(Hrs)--------Limited and Notes
Switzerland-------Pb, Cd, Zn----------------4% Acetic------------Room----------24------------------- 3mg/dm2
Norway-----------Pb, Cd, Sb, Zn------------4% Acetic------------Room----------24------------------- 0.6mg/dm2
Germany----------Pb--------------------------4% Acetic------------Room----------24------------------- 1.5mg/dm2
Italy----------------Pb--------------------------4% Acetic--------------Room----------24------------------- 0.5mg/dm2

2) Quality of heavy metal within dinnerware.

Country-----------Metals-----------Acid--------------Temp.-------Time(hrs)---Limited and Notes
Canada------------Pb, Cd-----------4% Acetic-------Room--------18-------------Pb:7ppm, Cd:0.5ppm
Britain-------------Pb, Cd-----------4% Acetic-------Room--------24--------Ware:(<1.1L) Pb:7ppm Cd:0,2ppm
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ware:(>1.1L) Pb:2ppm Cd:0.2ppm
Australia----------Pb, Cd----------4% Acetic------19~21'C--24--Ceramicware:(>1.1L)Pb:20ppm Cd:2ppm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Small Hollow ware:(<1.1L)Pb:7ppm Cd:0.7ppm
U.S.A.(FDA)------Pb, Cd------------4% Acetic-------Room--------24-------------Pb:7ppm Cd: 0.5ppm
India-------------------Pb------------5% Acetic-------Boil-----------1/2------------2ppm
Sweden------------Pb--------------4% Acetic-------Boil------------3+1/2--------3ppm
Japan---------------Pb, Cd---------4% Acetic-------Room---------24----------Flat ware: Pb:20ppm Cd:0.5ppm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Hollow ware: (<1.1L) Pb:7ppm Cd:0.5ppm
Korea---------------Pb, Cd---------4% Acetic-------Room---------24-------------Pb: 7ppm Cd: 0.5ppm

3) Result testing by detection method : 3000 Series Colors : dm2 - Testing by KSL1204 (192)

No-------Color------------------------Pb:ppm/dm2-----------------Cd:ppm/dm2
3150----Red (C)-----------------------0.84-------------------------------0.63
3149----Pink Red (N)----------------0.37----------------------------------
3232----Yellow (N)-------------------0.84--------------------------------0.18
3244----Yellow (C)-------------------0.75--------------------------------0.08
3366----Mixing White (N)----------0.32--------------------------------0.08
3378----Mixing White (C&N)-----0.50--------------------------------0.06
3415----Green (N)--------------------0.10--------------------------------0.07
3470----Green (N)--------------------0.16--------------------------------0.05
3537----Turquoise Blue (N)-------0.34--------------------------------0.05
3589----Cobalt Blue (N)------------1.50--------------------------------0.04
3745----Black (N)---------------------0.27-------------------------------0.08
3977----Flux (C&N)------------------0.05-------------------------------0.02

4) FDA checked to dinnerware by function of application ceramicware and restriction quantity
to FDA is as following:

Category----Specification---* CPG lead level (Micro G/ML)------* CPG cadmium level(Micro G/ML)
Flatware-----Internal Depth<25mm---------3.0-----------------------------0.50
Small Hollowware--Volume<1.1L----------2.0-----------------------------0.50
Large Hollowware--Volume>1.1L----------1.0-----------------------------0.25
Cups & Mug------------------------------------0.5-----------------------------0.50
Pitchers----------------Volume<1.1L----------0.5-----------------------------0.50
Pitchers--------------------Volume>1.1L-------0.5-----------------------------0.25
Rin Test-------------Depth 20mm from rim--50----------------------------3.5
* CPG = Compliance Policy Guideline

Compare with other company and our company, our company have a few detection quantity
but according to color number seem to difference.
Reference metal (Pb, Cd) of detection testing is as following. Partially immerse annealed sample
of decorated ware in 4% Acetic Acid Solution for 24 hours. Acetic Acid Solution of component
test doing to Automatic Absorption spectroscoy or ICP spectrometry, and that it sign to mg,ppm
to Pb, Cd detection quantity. Hollowware have a far than about 25mm deep,Flat ware is smallest
than hollowware 1.1L

Screening Pastes

General Description

Screen pastes consist of mixture of fusible vitreous fluxes and inorganic pigments, combined
in an organic medium to from a paste, suitable for application to porcelain enamelled surfaces
by silk screening. After silk screening, the pastes are dried, then fired at temperature 20~50 deg.C
lower than the temperature at which the enamelled substrate was fired. The fired screening color
fuses to the enamelled substrate to from a durable, heat and solvent resistant coloured pattern.

If preferred, screening colors can be supplied as powders, so that customers may mix them with
their own preferred mediums for printing Decals where overprint (Transfer ) lacquers are used,
and if kept dry, powder have indefinite shelf life.

1. Preperation of Screening paste for printing

Supplies pastes at a viscosity which is generally higher than that required for screening.
The high viscosity is desirable during manufacture, to aid dispersion of pigments, and is
desirable in storage to minimize settling of pigments and fluxes. The only preparation required
before use is to thoroughtly stirring the pastes and to making them to the required viscosity
for screening.
After stirring, a quantity of paste, sufficient for say one operating shift, should be removed from
the bulk container. The bulk container should be ersealed and stored away from heat and
moisture. With proper storage, screening pastes will lasting for many years. The small quantity
of working paste may then be thinned for screening.

2. Thinning Oil, Squeegee Oil or Medium

The thinning oil (Squeegee Oil) or Medium to be used for thinning the pastes should be that
specified by the paste manufacturer. Most thinning oils are based on pine oil, and some pine oils
may even be used for thinning, However, there are many different grades of pine oil, and lower
grades may contain moisture or volatile solvents, which caused the paste to become thixotropic
or to dry rapidly on the screen. Pine oils may also reduce the effectiveness of resins and binders
in the medium and reduce bisque strength.

The medium for screening pastes usually contain flow control agents and resins which facilitate
the screening operation and allow the paste to dry to a smooth, tough 'bisque' which will be
scuff resistant. The medium also must burn away cleanly during firing, so as not to cause
blistering.

Only use the minimum amount of thinning medium to adjust paste to screening viscosity.

We manufacture several Mediums, those of which are suitable for use with enamel screening
pastes.

3. Application

Screens may be made from stainless steel, Nylon or Polyester : Polyester is generally the most
cost effective for general enamel screen printing and mesh sizes range from 43t (#110 per inch)
to 90t (#230 per inch) for most applications. The difinition and thickness of print determine the
mesh size used but for general printing, 61t~77t Polyester, with direct stencil, is commonly used.

The size of pattern to be printed and type of printing operation (Machine operation or Manual
squeegee), also help determine mesh size and type of screens to be used.

4. Specification for screening colors

Almost any colour obtainable in porcelain enamel is obtainable in screening colour and when
requesting a screening colour, the following conditions should be specified ;

(1) Colour

A. Supply either a colour chip of the colour required, or quote a Pantone or RAL colour number.
(Note that in the Pantone colour chart, there are two colours fo each colour number, viz, 'C'
for coated colour and 'U' for uncoated. The coated colour has higher gloss and is a slightly
different colour to the uncoated colour. Make sure that the correct colour and glossy are quoted. )

B. Specify the gloss level required as glossy, stain (semi gloss) or matte.

C. Specify the closeness of colour match required as exact, close or not critical. For very thin
lines, the colour match is not as critical as for larger print areas, so an indication of the print
design and dimensions may facilitate colour matching.

D. Specify the base colour on which the screen colour is to be applied. Light colours applied
over dark base colours will not cover as well as if applied over light colour, and the base colour
may change the appearance of the screen colour. Ideally, supply some small flat plates of the
fired base colour, so that the screen colour can be tested on the base colour at the time of
matching, thus ensured that the colour will be correct, the first time it is submitted for approval.

E. Indicate if one color is going to be printed over another.

(2) Type of body and firing temperature of screen color

A. Specify the type of base enamel and screening colour firing temperature to be used.
Sheet iron screening colours are fired at 750~800 deg.C
Screening colours on aluminium are fired at about 550 deg.C
As furnace behave differently, firing tempeatures actually used in production may differ from
those used during testing, so screening colour samples should always be tested under production
conditions before being accepted.
Rather than reduce furnace temperature for firing screen colours, it is often better to increase
furnace belt speed.

B. If there are other special requirements, such as chemical resistance, these should be tested for
when samples are submitted.

5. Printing environment and practice

The screen printing area should be free of dust and away from drag. Whilst not mandatory,
temperature and humidity control are desiratroy but are usually only justified when serious
processing or quality problems arise from extremes of temperature and high humidity.
If pastes are mixed with prescribed mediums in accordance with manufacturers instructions.
and are kept in sealed containers away from moisture, then printing problems should not arise.

After printing, screening pastes may be allowed to air dry, or that may be force dried with a
combination of forced air and heat.

Unused paste from the screen may be returned for later use, to the working paste container,
which should also be kept sealed to eliminate moisture and to prevent the paste from drying out.
Screens may be cleaned by wiping with a cloth and mineral turpe.

6. Safety and Handling

The fluxes and pigments used in screening pastes and powders may contain toxic elements such
as lead and cadmium. Those components are combined in a relatively insoluble form and
should not cause any hazard to persons using them, provided that normal standards of personal
hygiene are observed.

GLASS COLO

Acid Resistance Test

* Method :
Partially immerse annealed sample of
decorated ware in 10 Vol% HCL solution for 10 min.

Immersion in 2.5 Vol% H3PO4 for 24hrs
at room temperature. (22+ -2)

* Result :
A - No visual effect.
B - Slight dulling of surface.
C - Extreme dulling of surface.

* Alkali Resistance Test

* Method :
Immerse in 10% mixed alkali solution (9% NaOH + 1% Na3PO4 12H2O + 90% H2O) at 88 + - 1 for 16 hours
( Coca-cola ACL Test)

Immerse in 10% mixed alkali solution ( 9.5% NaOH + 0.5% Na3PO4 12H2O + 90% H2O ) at 71 + - 1 for 24 hours
( Seven-up ACL Test)

* Only, thickness of printed glass color is 25~30 micron
* Result :
A - No gloss and keep opacity mostly
B - No gloss and weak opacity
C - No gloss and lost opacity mostly

* Sulfide Resistance

Preparation of reagents :
Sodium Sulfide (Na2S 9H2O )
Acetic Acid ( CH3COOH, min. 99.8% )

Dissolve an excess amount of sodium sulfide in warm (35 to 40 ) distilled water. Make sure there is
undissolved sodium sulfide left over. Cool to room temperature.

Stir into each 100ml of the 4% acetic acid solution 1ml of saturated, clear, sodium sulfide solution for 2 or 3 min.
A milk of sulfur will be precipitated.

Place the test specimens and the reference standard of known resistance into the test solution
prepared according to the above at room temperature so that only half of the decoration is immersed.
Stir and cover.
Remove specimens from solution after 15 min and allow to air dry.
Note the degree of attack after 15 min by visual observation and grade.